List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)

This is an alphabetical list of countries by past and projected gross domestic product (nominal) as ranked by the IMF. Figures are based on official exchange rates, not on the purchasing power parity (PPP) methodology. Values are given in millions of United States dollars (USD) and have not been adjusted for inflation. These figures have been taken from the International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook (WEO) Database (October 2025 edition) and/or other sources.[1]

For older GDP trends, see List of regions by past GDP (PPP).

UN estimates (1970s)

The following Table is based on UN GDP data.[2][3]

* indicates "GDP of [country or territory]" or "Economy of [country or territory]" links.

IMF estimates

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

The following list contains the various countries' projected GDP (nominal) from 2020 to 2030.[4]

The projections for future years presume that government policies do not change, and assume specific values for oil prices, bond rates, and exchange rates.[5]

Centre for Economics and Business Research estimate for 2040

The following table is a nominal GDP estimate for the top 190 largest economies in 2040 made by British think tank Centre for Economics and Business Research in December 2025.[7] Total GDP figures have been divided by UN population projections for the year 2040.[8]

The 30 largest economies in the world (current prices in billions of USD)
Country 2025 Country 2030 Country 2035 Country 2040
 United States 30,551  United States 36,670  United States 44,016  United States 52,852
 China 19,434  China 27,065  China 36,250  China 47,877
 Germany 4,991  India 6,297  India 9,500  India 14,092
 Japan 4,233  Germany 5,818  Germany 6,707  Germany 7,783
 India 4,134  United Kingdom 4,595  United Kingdom 5,584  United Kingdom 6,784
 United Kingdom 3,961  Japan 4,514  Japan 5,259  Japan 5,922
 France 3,344  France 3,853  France 4,477  France 5,203
 Russia 2,537  Italy 2,885  Italy 3,299  Indonesia 4,182
 Italy 2,531  Brazil 2,766  Brazil 3,284  Brazil 3,943
 Canada 2,274  Canada 2,682  Canada 3,227  Canada 3,818
 Brazil 2,263  Russia 2,601  Indonesia 2,979  Italy 3,771
 Spain 1,882  Mexico 2,308  Russia 2,813  Spain 3,373
 Mexico 1,862  Spain 2,301  Spain 2,786  South Korea 3,297
 South Korea 1,842  Australia 2,267  South Korea 2,754  Australia 3,289
 Australia 1,833  South Korea 2,157  Australia 2,740  Mexico 3,268
 Turkey 1,573  Indonesia 2,002  Mexico 2,721  Russia 3,247
 Indonesia 1,438  Saudi Arabia 1,699  Saudi Arabia 2,250  Saudi Arabia 2,890
 Netherlands 1,315  Netherlands 1,552  Netherlands 1,824  Netherlands 2,142
 Saudi Arabia 1,268  Poland 1,359  Argentina 1,575  Turkey 2,053
 Poland 1,033  Turkey 1,318  Turkey 1,574  Argentina 2,009
 Switzerland 1,002  Switzerland 1,240  Poland 1,482  Poland 1,828
 Taiwan 867  Taiwan 1,056  Switzerland 1,372  Switzerland 1,639
 Belgium 714  Argentina 968  Taiwan 1,249  Taiwan 1,521
 Ireland 705  Ireland 838  United Arab Emirates 1,070  Philippines 1,500
 Argentina 686  Sweden 826  Philippines 1,047  Bangladesh 1,448
 Sweden 664  Israel 824  Ireland 1,017  United Arab Emirates 1,412
 Israel 617  Belgium 820  Vietnam 994  Vietnam 1,407
 Thailand 576  United Arab Emirates 800  Bangladesh 991  Ireland 1,234
 Singapore 572  Singapore 722  Belgium 952  Belgium 1,106
 United Arab Emirates 569  Thailand 719  Israel 879  Israel 1,063

CIA estimates in 1990

GDP (Nominal) data in 1990, with some countries only GNP (Nominal) was provided by the CIA World Factbook.[9]

GDP milestones by countries (in trillions USD)

The following is a list of countries reaching (or projected to reach) a certain threshold of nominal GDP in a specific year according to International Monetary Fund,[1] United Nations,[10] and World Bank.[11]

1–6 trillion

1 trillion USD 2 trillion USD 3 trillion USD 4 trillion USD 5 trillion USD 6 trillion USD
Year Country Year Country Year Country Year Country Year Country Year Country
1969  United States 1977  United States 1980  European Union 1984  United States 1988  United States 1990  European Union
1973  European Union 1978  European Union 1981  United States 1987  European Union 1989  European Union 1991  United States
1979  Japan 1986  Japan 1988  Japan 1993  Japan 1995  Japan 2010  China
1987  West Germany 1992  Germany 2006  Germany 2008  China 2009  China 2011  Japan
1988  France 2003  United Kingdom 2007  China 2018  Germany 2025  Germany 2029  India*
1989  United Kingdom 2004  France 2007  United Kingdom 2025  India 2028  India* 2030  Germany*
1990  Italy 2005  China 2021  India 2026  United Kingdom* 2030  United Kingdom*
1998  China 2007  Italy 2023  France 2030  France*
2004  Spain 2010  Brazil
2004  Canada 2011  Russia
2006  Brazil 2014  India
2006  South Korea 2021  Canada
2006  Russia 2026  Spain*
2006  Mexico 2026  Mexico*
2007  India 2027  Australia*
2008  Australia 2027  South Korea*
2017  Indonesia 2030  Indonesia*
2021  Netherlands
2022  Saudi Arabia
2023  Turkey
2025  Poland
2025  Switzerland
2027  Taiwan*

* Future projections are marked with an asterisk.

10–30 trillion

10 trillion USD 15 trillion USD 20 trillion USD 30 trillion USD
Year Country Year Country Year Country Year Country
2000  United States 2008  European Union 2018  United States 2025  United States
2004  European Union 2010  United States 2025  European Union
2014  China 2020  China 2026  China

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "World Economic Outlook Database October 2025". www.imf.org. Retrieved 14 October 2025.
  2. ^ "National Accounts - Analysis of Main Aggregates (AMA)". unstats.un.org.
  3. ^ "UN data 'Downloads'". Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org.
  5. ^ "Assumptions and Data Conventions". April 2025.
  6. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". www.imf.org.
  7. ^ a b WORLD ECONOMIC LEAGUE TABLE 2025
  8. ^ a b "Population estimates and projections | DataBank".
  9. ^ "1990 CIA World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
  10. ^ "UN national Acocounts Database". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  11. ^ Data. "World Bank WDI Data". Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 24 August 2014.