List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. A territory scores a higher level of HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the gross national income GNI (PPP) per capita is higher.

As per United Nations Development Programme, India had a HDI of 0.434 in 1990, which steadily increased and reached 0.490 in 2000, and 0.572 in 2010.[1] As per the latest report, the HDI climbed to 0.685 in 2023 from 0.676 in 2022, which placed India in the medium category and ranked it 130th out of 193 countries.[2]

The various Indian states and union territories have significant variations in HDI. Goa had the highest HDI amongst the Indian states with Bihar ranking last.[3]

UNDP

Rank State/Union Territory HDI (2023)[3]
Very High
1 Goa 0.801
High
2 Kerala 0.799
3 Chandigarh 0.793
4 Puducherry 0.782
5 Delhi 0.777
6 Jammu and Kashmir 0.760
7 Himachal Pradesh 0.757
8 Sikkim 0.753
9 Lakshwadeep 0.751
10 Mizoram 0.751
11 Andaman and Nicobar 0.746
12 Punjab 0.738
13 Haryana 0.737
14 Maharashtra 0.736
15 Tamil Nadu 0.732
16 Manipur 0.725
17 Arunachal Pradesh 0.722
18 Uttarakhand 0.722
19 Nagaland 0.720
20 Karnataka 0.713
21 Daman and Diu 0.713
Medium
22 Telangana 0.699
23 Rajasthan 0.692
24 Meghalaya 0.690
25 Gujarat 0.685
– India 0.685
26 Andhra Pradesh 0.681
27 West Bengal 0.674
28 Chhattisgarh 0.665
29 Tripura 0.664
30 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.663
31 Assam 0.655
32 Madhya Pradesh 0.651
33 Uttar Pradesh 0.650
34 Odisha 0.649
35 Jharkhand 0.639
36 Bihar 0.617

Historical trend

State HDI[4]
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
North India
Chandigarh 0.636 0.639 0.646 0.640 0.635 0.632 0.631 0.628 0.626 0.627 0.628 0.629 0.632 0.643 0.649 0.655 0.661 0.656 0.650 0.642 0.639 0.641 0.638 0.666 0.697 0.725 0.755 0.756 0.749 0.745 0.745 0.738 0.751
Delhi 0.581 0.585 0.592 0.598 0.606 0.614 0.624 0.633 0.642 0.653 0.656 0.658 0.661 0.671 0.677 0.683 0.689 0.694 0.695 0.695 0.699 0.708 0.711 0.713 0.719 0.722 0.727 0.732 0.729 0.728 0.728 0.722 0.734
Haryana 0.471 0.474 0.479 0.485 0.493 0.501 0.510 0.518 0.527 0.537 0.542 0.546 0.553 0.566 0.575 0.584 0.594 0.603 0.610 0.615 0.625 0.639 0.648 0.656 0.669 0.678 0.691 0.694 0.690 0.689 0.689 0.683 0.696
Himachal Pradesh 0.485 0.488 0.493 0.503 0.514 0.525 0.538 0.549 0.562 0.575 0.583 0.589 0.598 0.615 0.626 0.638 0.650 0.653 0.654 0.653 0.658 0.667 0.670 0.677 0.688 0.696 0.707 0.712 0.709 0.709 0.709 0.703 0.715
Jammu and Kashmir 0.499 0.502 0.507 0.506 0.506 0.507 0.509 0.510 0.511 0.514 0.522 0.530 0.539 0.556 0.568 0.581 0.593 0.605 0.614 0.621 0.633 0.648 0.658 0.659 0.665 0.667 0.672 0.690 0.700 0.712 0.712 0.706 0.720
Punjab 0.502 0.505 0.510 0.517 0.524 0.532 0.541 0.549 0.558 0.568 0.572 0.575 0.580 0.593 0.600 0.608 0.616 0.626 0.633 0.638 0.648 0.662 0.670 0.677 0.687 0.695 0.706 0.705 0.696 0.691 0.692 0.685 0.698
Rajasthan 0.406 0.408 0.413 0.418 0.424 0.431 0.438 0.443 0.449 0.457 0.462 0.466 0.472 0.485 0.494 0.503 0.512 0.520 0.526 0.530 0.539 0.552 0.559 0.570 0.585 0.598 0.614 0.628 0.635 0.645 0.645 0.640 0.652
Uttar Pradesh 0.398 0.401 0.405 0.411 0.417 0.423 0.430 0.436 0.442 0.450 0.455 0.460 0.466 0.479 0.487 0.496 0.505 0.512 0.516 0.519 0.526 0.536 0.541 0.548 0.560 0.568 0.579 0.591 0.596 0.604 0.603 0.598 0.609
Uttarakhand 0.627 0.630 0.636 0.634 0.629 0.626 0.624 0.621 0.619 0.619 0.620 0.620 0.623 0.665 0.641 0.647 0.653 0.648 0.641 0.633 0.631 0.632 0.629 0.636 0.647 0.655 0.666 0.673 0.672 0.675 0.675 0.669 0.681
West India
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.672 0.676 0.682 0.680 0.676 0.673 0.672 0.620 0.669 0.670 0.672 0.673 0.676 0.687 0.693 0.699 0.706 0.701 0.695 0.687 0.685 0.687 0.684 0.673 0.665 0.655 0.655 0.647 0.640 0.628 0.618 0.613 0.624
Daman and Diu 0.651 0.656 0.663 0.658 0.654 0.652 0.652 0.651 0.650 0.651 0.654 0.654 0.657 0.668 0.673 0.679 0.685 0.681 0.675 0.668 0.666 0.669 0.666 0.669 0.677 0.682 0.690 0.686 0.676 0.668 0.668 0.662 0.674
Goa 0.558 0.561 0.567 0.570 0.573 0.577 0.583 0.587 0.592 0.599 0.608 0.615 0.624 0.641 0.653 0.665 0.678 0.692 0.704 0.713 0.728 0.747 0.759 0.753 0.751 0.746 0.743 0.751 0.751 0.753 0.754 0.747 0.760
Gujarat 0.474 0.477 0.483 0.485 0.488 0.492 0.498 0.502 0.507 0.514 0.520 0.526 0.533 0.547 0.556 0.566 0.577 0.583 0.587 0.589 0.597 0.608 0.614 0.622 0.634 0.643 0.656 0.654 0.645 0.640 0.640 0.635 0.646
Maharashtra 0.498 0.501 0.507 0.511 0.515 0.521 0.527 0.532 0.538 0.545 0.551 0.556 0.563 0.577 0.586 0.596 0.606 0.615 0.621 0.626 0.636 0.649 0.657 0.660 0.668 0.672 0.680 0.687 0.686 0.689 0.689 0.683 0.695
East India
Andaman and Nicobar Islands 0.686 0.690 0.697 0.691 0.688 0.685 0.684 0.682 0.681 0.682 0.684 0.685 0.688 0.699 0.705 0.712 0.718 0.713 0.707 0.699 0.697 0.700 0.696 0.700 0.708 0.714 0.723 0.718 0.707 0.699 0.699 0.693 0.706
West Bengal 0.443 0.446 0.452 0.456 0.462 0.468 0.475 0.481 0.487 0.495 0.499 0.502 0.506 0.518 0.525 0.532 0.540 0.547 0.552 0.556 0.564 0.575 0.582 0.590 0.603 0.613 0.625 0.630 0.627 0.628 0.628 0.623 0.635
Bihar 0.380 0.382 0.387 0.391 0.396 0.402 0.408 0.413 0.418 0.425 0.429 0.432 0.437 0.448 0.455 0.463 0.470 0.481 0.489 0.495 0.506 0.519 0.527 0.533 0.543 0.551 0.561 0.567 0.567 0.571 0.570 0.566 0.577
Jharkhand 0.563 0.566 0.572 0.566 0.562 0.559 0.557 0.554 0.553 0.553 0.554 0.557 0.557 0.568 0.573 0.579 0.585 0.580 0.574 0.566 0.564 0.566 0.562 0.565 0.572 0.577 0.584 0.590 0.590 0.593 0.593 0.588 0.600
Odisha 0.403 0.405 0.409 0.413 0.418 0.423 0.430 0.434 0.440 0.447 0.451 0.455 0.460 0.472 0.479 0.487 0.495 0.504 0.511 0.517 0.527 0.540 0.548 0.556 0.568 0.578 0.590 0.598 0.603 0.603 0.614 0.598 0.610
Northeast India
Assam 0.413 0.415 0.420 0.426 0.434 0.442 0.450 0.458 0.466 0.476 0.481 0.486 0.493 0.506 0.515 0.524 0.533 0.540 0.545 0.549 0.557 0.569 0.576 0.579 0.586 0.590 0.598 0.605 0.605 0.609 0.608 0.603 0.615
Arunachal Pradesh 0.442 0.445 0.449 0.455 0.461 0.467 0.474 0.479 0.485 0.493 0.496 0.499 0.503 0.514 0.521 0.528 0.535 0.562 0.586 0.606 0.632 0.660 0.682 0.672 0.666 0.655 0.645 0.659 0.666 0.675 0.675 0.670 0.683
Manipur 0.500 0.503 0.509 0.512 0.517 0.522 0.528 0.533 0.540 0.547 0.552 0.556 0.562 0.574 0.582 0.591 0.600 0.619 0.636 0.652 0.672 0.696 0.714 0.703 0.695 0.686 0.682 0.678 0.676 0.676 0.676 0.671 0.683
Meghalaya 0.461 0.464 0.469 0.467 0.465 0.465 0.464 0.462 0.461 0.461 0.470 0.477 0.487 0.502 0.514 0.526 0.538 0.558 0.575 0.591 0.611 0.634 0.652 0.646 0.645 0.641 0.640 0.645 0.642 0.643 0.643 0.637 0.650
Mizoram 0.532 0.535 0.541 0.541 0.542 0.543 0.546 0.547 0.550 0.553 0.563 0.571 0.581 0.598 0.611 0.624 0.637 0.648 0.657 0.664 0.676 0.693 0.703 0.697 0.694 0.689 0.687 0.696 0.698 0.703 0.703 0.697 0.709
Nagaland 0.539 0.542 0.548 0.541 0.535 0.530 0.526 0.521 0.516 0.513 0.516 0.519 0.524 0.536 0.543 0.550 0.558 0.583 0.605 0.626 0.651 0.680 0.703 0.690 0.682 0.671 0.662 0.669 0.669 0.682 0.672 0.667 0.679
Sikkim 0.546 0.549 0.555 0.549 0.545 0.542 0.541 0.538 0.536 0.536 0.542 0.546 0.553 0.567 0.576 0.585 0.594 0.603 0.610 0.615 0.625 0.638 0.645 0.656 0.672 0.684 0.700 0.706 0.704 0.705 0.705 0.699 0.712
Tripura 0.450 0.452 0.458 0.465 0.474 0.483 0.493 0.501 0.511 0.521 0.524 0.526 0.530 0.541 0.548 0.555 0.561 0.581 0.581 0.588 0.599 0.615 0.625 0.627 0.633 0.636 0.642 0.637 0.626 0.617 0.617 0.612 0.624
South India
Andhra Pradesh 0.428 0.430 0.435 0.438 0.441 0.446 0.450 0.454 0.459 0.464 0.472 0.478 0.487 0.502 0.513 0.524 0.535 0.546 0.554 0.560 0.571 0.586 0.595 0.602 0.614 0.623 0.635 0.638 0.635 0.635 0.635 0.630 0.642
Karnataka 0.448 0.450 0.455 0.461 0.467 0.474 0.482 0.488 0.495 0.504 0.511 0.516 0.524 0.538 0.549 0.559 0.570 0.577 0.583 0.587 0.597 0.609 0.617 0.627 0.641 0.652 0.667 0.670 0.667 0.667 0.667 0.661 0.673
Kerala 0.551 0.554 0.560 0.561 0.563 0.565 0.569 0.571 0.574 0.579 0.592 0.604 0.618 0.639 0.656 0.672 0.689 0.695 0.698 0.699 0.706 0.718 0.723 0.730 0.741 0.750 0.761 0.762 0.755 0.751 0.751 0.745 0.758
Lakshadweep 0.695 0.699 0.706 0.700 0.697 0.694 0.693 0.691 0.690 0.691 0.694 0.695 0.698 0.709 0.715 0.721 0.728 0.723 0.717 0.709 0.707 0.710 0.706 0.710 0.718 0.723 0.732 0.729 0.719 0.712 0.713 0.706 0.719
Puducherry 0.711 0.716 0.726 0.725 0.722 0.719 0.718 0.716 0.715 0.717 0.719 0.720 0.723 0.735 0.741 0.748 0.754 0.749 0.743 0.735 0.732 0.735 0.732 0.727 0.726 0.722 0.721 0.729 0.731 0.735 0.735 0.729 0.741
Tamil Nadu 0.476 0.478 0.484 0.488 0.494 0.500 0.507 0.513 0.519 0.528 0.536 0.543 0.552 0.569 0.581 0.593 0.606 0.615 0.622 0.628 0.638 0.653 0.662 0.667 0.676 0.682 0.691 0.693 0.687 0.685 0.685 0.679 0.692
Telangana 0.624 0.628 0.634 0.628 0.624 0.621 0.619 0.617 0.615 0.615 0.617 0.618 0.621 0.632 0.637 0.643 0.649 0.644 0.638 0.630 0.628 0.620 0.627 0.630 0.638 0.644 0.653 0.657 0.653 0.653 0.653 0.647 0.660
Central India
Chhattisgarh 0.563 0.566 0.571 0.566 0.562 0.559 0.557 0.554 0.552 0.552 0.553 0.554 0.557 0.567 0.573 0.578 0.584 0.580 0.573 0.566 0.563 0.565 0.562 0.568 0.578 0.586 0.597 0.607 0.611 0.618 0.618 0.613 0.625
Madhya Pradesh 0.408 0.410 0.415 0.418 0.422 0.427 0.432 0.436 0.440 0.446 0.452 0.456 0.463 0.475 0.484 0.493 0.503 0.510 0.516 0.520 0.528 0.540 0.547 0.555 0.567 0.577 0.589 0.598 0.600 0.605 0.605 0.599 0.611
India 0.434 0.437 0.442 0.446 0.452 0.458 0.465 0.471 0.477 0.485 0.490 0.495 0.501 0.514 0.528 0.532 0.541 0.550 0.557 0.562 0.572 0.586 0.594 0.600 0.611 0.619 0.630 0.636 0.636 0.638 0.638 0.633 0.644

MoSPI

The list is based on the 2018 report published by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) of Government of India.[5]

Rank State/Union Territory HDI (2018)
High
1 Delhi 0.839
2 Chandigarh 0.827
3 Goa 0.806
4 Kerala 0.775
5 Sikkim 0.764
6 Himachal Pradesh 0.761
7 Uttarakhand 0.758
8 Puducherry 0.752
9 Maharashtra 0.750
10 Mizoram 0.747
11 Punjab 0.738
12 Tamil Nadu 0.738
13 Haryana 0.724
14 Andaman and Nicobar 0.707
15 Karnataka 0.706
16 Telangana 0.705
17 Meghalaya 0.704
Medium
18 Gujarat 0.698
19 Daman and Diu 0.695
20 Lakshadweep 0.687
21 Manipur 0.686
22 Arunachal Pradesh 0.684
23 Nagaland 0.678
24 West Bengal 0.674
– India 0.672
25 Tripura 0.667
26 Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.662
27 Jammu and Kashmir 0.663
28 Assam 0.651
29 Odisha 0.649
30 Andhra Pradesh 0.648
31 Rajasthan 0.638
32 Chhattisgarh 0.629
33 Jharkhand 0.618
34 Madhya Pradesh 0.608
35 Uttar Pradesh 0.592
36 Bihar 0.551

Historical trend

Legend

High

  0.850–0.899
  0.800–0.849
  0.750–0.799
  0.700–0.749

Medium

  0.650–0.699
  0.600–0.649
  0.550–0.599
  0.500–0.549

Low

  0.450–0.499
  0.400–0.449
  0.350–0.399
  0.300–0.349
  0.250–0.299
  ≤0.250
  No information
  • 1981 to 2011 HDI trend
  • 1981
  • 1991
  • 2001
  • 2007–08[6]

Consumption-based

The data in the below table is based on the estimated consumption expenditure.[6]

Rank State/Union Territory HDI (2007-08)
1 Kerala 0.810
2 Delhi 0.750
3 Himachal Pradesh 0.652
4 Goa 0.617
5 Punjab 0.605
6 Northeast India 0.573
7 Maharashtra 0.572
8 Tamil Nadu 0.570
9 Haryana 0.552
10 Jammu and Kashmir 0.542
11 Gujarat 0.527
12 Karnataka 0.519
– India 0.513
13 West Bengal 0.492
14 Uttarakhand 0.490
15 Andhra Pradesh 0.473
17 Rajasthan 0.434
18 Uttar Pradesh 0.380
19 Jharkhand 0.376
20 Madhya Pradesh 0.375
21 Bihar 0.367
22 Odisha 0.362
23 Chhattisgarh 0.358

HDI indicators

Demographics (2022)[7]
State or territory Subnational
HDI 		Health
index 		Educational
index 		Income
index 		Life expectancy Expected years schooling Mean years schooling Log Gross National Income
per capita
Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male Total Female Male
India 0.644 0.735 0.569 0.641 67.74 69.38 66.26 12.58 12.61 12.56 6.571 5.529 7.626 8.847 7.992 9.278
Andaman and Nicobar 0.706 0.789 0.624 0.714 71.26 73.62 69.57 13.12 13.49 12.74 7.800 7.451 8.136 9.344 8.433 9.789
Andhra Pradesh 0.642 0.741 0.534 0.668 68.19 69.93 66.88 12.66 12.71 12.63 5.476 4.542 6.457 9.027 8.155 9.467
Arunachal Pradesh 0.683 0.795 0.595 0.674 71.65 74.08 69.93 13.99 14.06 13.94 6.178 5.411 6.916 9.064 8.189 9.506
Assam 0.615 0.745 0.546 0.571 68.42 70.20 66.90 12.03 12.35 11.74 6.364 5.852 6.856 8.387 7.577 8.796
Bihar 0.577 0.702 0.497 0.551 65.65 66.83 64.24 12.16 12.00 12.47 4.783 3.339 6.357 8.253 7.456 8.655
Chandigarh 0.751 0.773 0.721 0.759 70.27 72.44 68.65 13.72 13.92 13.58 10.19 9.867 10.50 9.633 8.703 10.10
Chhattisgarh 0.625 0.725 0.546 0.617 67.13 68.64 65.67 12.56 12.99 12.14 5.899 4.681 7.096 8.688 7.879 9.111
Dadra and Nagar Haveli 0.624 0.751 0.521 0.621 68.80 70.66 67.26 11.01 11.55 10.61 6.467 4.971 7.626 8.718 7.876 9.143
Daman and Diu 0.674 0.788 0.568 0.683 71.24 73.60 69.56 11.23 11.67 10.85 7.686 6.668 8.545 9.125 8.244 9.570
Delhi 0.734 0.760 0.702 0.742 69.40 71.39 67.83 14.10 14.61 13.61 9.308 8.589 9.955 9.518 8.598 9.981
Goa 0.760 0.808 0.714 0.761 72.51 75.11 70.73 14.28 14.44 14.14 9.525 9.223 9.915 9.643 8.712 10.11
Gujarat 0.646 0.745 0.534 0.678 68.44 70.23 66.92 11.26 10.95 11.46 6.643 5.519 7.726 9.092 8.214 9.535
Haryana 0.696 0.739 0.631 0.721 68.03 69.73 66.53 13.67 13.85 13.46 7.542 6.302 8.715 9.381 8.475 9.838
Himachal Pradesh 0.715 0.765 0.667 0.717 69.73 71.78 68.14 14.07 14.61 13.52 8.296 7.494 9.195 9.355 8.451 9.811
Jammu and Kashmir 0.720 0.796 0.664 0.705 71.75 74.20 70.03 15.09 15.23 14.93 7.356 6.109 8.475 9.270 8.374 9.721
Jharkhand 0.600 0.721 0.529 0.565 66.84 68.28 65.39 12.48 12.57 12.43 5.486 4.080 6.946 8.346 7.540 8.752
Karnataka 0.673 0.767 0.585 0.681 69.88 71.96 68.28 12.88 13.03 12.73 6.808 5.905 7.736 9.112 8.232 9.556
Kerala 0.758 0.822 0.732 0.724 73.43 76.20 71.58 15.05 15.59 14.52 9.422 9.620 9.305 9.400 8.493 9.858
Lakshadweep 0.719 0.767 0.666 0.726 69.88 72.15 68.17 13.59 14.09 13.17 8.668 8.321 9.205 9.413 8.504 9.871
Madhya Pradesh 0.611 0.715 0.525 0.608 66.46 67.83 65.03 11.98 11.86 12.07 5.765 4.477 6.966 8.629 7.796 9.050
Maharashtra 0.695 0.771 0.637 0.684 70.12 72.26 68.51 13.51 13.41 13.54 7.862 6.893 8.815 9.132 8.250 9.577
Manipur 0.683 0.769 0.674 0.614 69.96 72.06 68.36 13.94 13.92 13.96 8.616 7.870 9.445 8.671 7.834 9.094
Meghalaya 0.650 0.744 0.590 0.624 68.34 70.10 66.82 13.42 14.13 12.74 6.529 6.571 6.536 8.737 7.893 9.162
Mizoram 0.709 0.766 0.653 0.713 69.82 71.89 68.23 13.39 13.42 13.30 8.441 8.267 8.655 9.327 8.426 9.781
Nagaland 0.679 0.765 0.632 0.647 69.75 71.81 68.16 13.45 13.87 13.05 7.738 7.387 8.086 8.888 8.030 9.321
Odisha 0.610 0.731 0.520 0.595 67.54 69.14 66.06 11.73 11.71 11.79 5.837 4.896 6.816 8.544 7.719 8.960
Puducherry 0.741 0.815 0.682 0.733 73.00 75.69 71.18 13.77 14.45 13.11 8.988 8.332 9.825 9.456 8.542 9.916
Punjab 0.698 0.748 0.616 0.738 68.60 70.42 67.07 13.07 13.66 12.53 7.573 7.215 7.936 9.489 8.573 9.952
Rajasthan 0.652 0.740 0.561 0.668 68.10 69.82 66.60 13.38 13.18 13.59 5.693 3.951 7.396 9.027 8.196 9.467
Sikkim 0.712 0.786 0.664 0.692 71.10 73.42 69.42 14.72 15.17 14.24 7.655 7.387 7.916 9.183 8.297 9.631
Tamil Nadu 0.694 0.779 0.626 0.679 70.89 72.76 68.90 13.43 13.87 13.00 7.593 7.000 8.286 9.102 8.233 9.545
Telangana 0.660 0.759 0.560 0.676 69.31 71.28 67.74 13.22 13.35 13.08 5.796 4.606 7.066 9.077 8.201 9.519
Tripura 0.624 0.722 0.566 0.594 66.94 68.41 65.49 12.54 12.34 12.84 6.519 5.927 7.116 8.538 7.713 8.954
Uttar Pradesh 0.609 0.699 0.540 0.599 65.46 66.60 64.05 11.89 11.73 12.06 6.302 4.896 7.716 8.571 7.743 8.989
Uttarakhand 0.681 0.734 0.627 0.686 67.72 69.36 66.24 13.24 13.56 12.94 7.769 6.614 8.965 9.148 8.265 9.594
West Bengal 0.635 0.765 0.551 0.606 69.70 71.75 68.12 12.47 12.95 12.02 6.147 5.465 6.836 8.619 7.787 9.039

References

  1. ^ "Subnational HDI - historical trend". Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  2. ^ "India's human development continues to make progress, ranks 130 out of 193 countries". United Nations Development Programme. Archived from the original on 15 May 2025. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
  3. ^ a b Subnational HDI. Global Data Lab, United Nations Development Programme (Report). Retrieved 1 May 2025.
  4. ^ "Subnational HDI - Subnational HDI - Table - Global Data Lab". globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 17 March 2026.
  5. ^ Report on Gendering Human Development (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India (Report). 2018. p. 52. Retrieved 30 May 2025.
  6. ^ a b India Human Development Report 2011 (PDF) (Report). Government of India. p. 257. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
  7. ^ "Custom set of indicators (2022) – Subnational HDI". Global Data Lab, UNDP. Retrieved 1 June 2025.
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