Royal Order of Civil Recognition to Victims of Terrorism
| Royal Order of Civil Recognition to Victims of Terrorism Real Orden de Reconocimiento Civil a las Víctimas del Terrorismo | |
|---|---|
Emblem of the Order | |
| Awarded by the King of Spain | |
| Type | civil order |
| Established | 8 October 1999 |
| Royal house | House of Bourbon-Anjou |
| Eligibility | Spanish and foreign citizens |
| Awarded for | being a victim of terrorism |
| Status | Extant |
| Sovereign | King Felipe VI |
| Grand Chancellor | Fernando Grande-Marlaska, Minister of the Interior |
| Chancellor | The Under-Secretary of the Interior |
| Grades | Grand Cross Commandery Ensign |
| Post-nominals | RORCVT |
Order's ribbon | |
The Royal Order of Civil Recognition to Victims of Terrorism is a Spanish civil order whose purpose is to honor those people who died, were injured or were kidnapped as a result of terrorism. It can also honor people who were threatened, who suffered a terrorist attack but were unharmed, or relatives of the victims.
The royal order was established by Law 32/1999, of October 8, on Solidarity with the Victims of Terrorism[1] and is currently regulated by Royal Decree 671/2013, of September 6.[2] This order has been reformed twice: by Law 29/2011, which transferred the chancellery of the order from the Ministry of the Presidency to the Ministry of the Interior and established the possibility of conceding the reward by the own initiative of the Ministry (before that, it was concede by request of the victioms or relatives),[1] and by the 2014 Budget Act (fully implemented in 2018), which created a third class.[3]
Grades
According to Royal Decree 671/2013, of September 6, amended by Royal Decree 107/2018, of March 9, the Royal Order has three classes:[2]
- Grand Cross. It is awarded, posthumously, to those who died in terrorist acts. The holder receives the style of "Excellency".
- Commandery. To honor those who have suffered physical or psychological damage and to those kidnapped in terrorist acts. The holder receives the style of "Most Illustrious" and it is worn around the neck.
- Ensign. It is granted to those who are threatened, to those unharmed in a terrorist attack, as well as to the spouse of the deceased or a person linked to them by a similar relationship of affection, the parents, children, grandparents, siblings and grandchildren of the deceased, as well as the relatives of the injured who have suffered disabling injuries in their different degrees up to the second degree of consanguinity. The ensign is a cross to be worn on the chest and the holder receives the formal style of "Señor (male)/Señora (female)".
All decorations are awarded by the Monarch. However, the Grand Cross is the only decoration granted by Royal Decree signed by the Sovereign, while the other two are awarded by order of the Minister of the Interior, on behalf of the monarch.
Pensions
None of the decorations come with a pension, however, the Law 29/2011, of September 22, on Recognition and Comprehensive Protection of Victims of Terrorism regulates compensations that can reach 500,000 euros in cases of severe disability (Annex I) and, in cases of conviction of the perpetrators for public liability, the State will assume this to avoid inequalities between victims, with a maximum of 750,000 euros (Article 20).[4]
See also
References
- ^ a b Català i Bas, Alexandre H. (director); García Mengual, Fernando (coordinator) (2013). "El reconocimiento de las víctimas del terrorismo a través de la legislación y la jurisprudencia" [The recognition of victims of terrorism through legislation and jurisprudence]. Cátedra de Derecho Autonómico Valenciano (in Spanish): 240–241 – via Dialnet.
- ^ a b Ministry of the Presidency (18 September 2013). "Real Decreto 671/2013, de 6 de septiembre, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Ley 29/2011, de 22 de septiembre, de Reconocimiento y Protección Integral a las Víctimas del Terrorismo". Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2026.
- ^ Ministry of the Presidency and Territorial Administrations (10 March 2018), Real Decreto 107/2018, de 9 de marzo, por el que se modifica el Reglamento de la Ley 29/2011, de 22 de septiembre, de Reconocimiento y Protección Integral a las Víctimas del Terrorismo, aprobado por el Real Decreto 671/2013, de 6 de septiembre (in Spanish), pp. 28918–28922, retrieved 14 March 2026,
Law 29/2011, of September 22, was amended by Law 22/2013, of December 23, on the General State Budget for the year 2014, creating, with effect from January 1, 2014, a new grade of decoration of the Royal Order of Civil Recognition to the Victims of Terrorism, the Insignia as recognition to those who have the condition of being threatened, to those unharmed in a terrorist attack, as well as to the spouse or person linked by an analogous relationship of affection, parents, grandparents, siblings and relatives of the deceased up to the second degree of consanguinity.
- ^ Royal Household (23 September 2011). "Ley 29/2011, de 22 de septiembre, de Reconocimiento y Protección Integral a las Víctimas del Terrorismo" [Law 29/2011, of September 22, on Recognition and Comprehensive Protection of Victims of Terrorism.]. Official State Gazette (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 March 2026.