List of members of the European Council

The European Council (informally EUCO) is a collegiate body that defines the overall political direction and priorities of the European Union.[1]

Established as an informal summit in 1975, the European Council was formalised as an institution in 2009 upon the commencement of the Treaty of Lisbon. Its current president is António Costa, a former Prime Minister of Portugal.

Membership

The European Council is composed of the heads of state or government of the EU member states, the President of the European Council, and the President of the European Commission.[1]

The representative of each member state depends on its political system. A member of the European Council is usually the highest representative of the executive branch of government. Cyprus, France, Lithuania, and Romania have presidential or semi-presidential systems and are represented by their head of state (president). The other member states have parliamentary systems and are represented by their head of government (prime minister).

Current members

Timeline of membership

Longest-serving members of the European Council

Leaders who have been members of the European Council for more than 10 years
# Member Position State Membership Last affiliation
1 Jean-Claude Juncker Prime Minister Luxembourg 20 January 19954 December 2013 18 years, 318 days EPP
Commission President European Union 1 November 201430 November 2019 5 years, 29 days
23 years, 347 days
2 Helmut Kohl Chancellor Germany[h] 1 October 198227 October 1998 16 years, 26 days EPP
3 Angela Merkel Chancellor Germany 22 November 20058 December 2021 16 years, 16 days EPP
4 Viktor Orbán Prime Minister Hungary 29 May 2010 – present 15 years, 294 days PfE
5 Jacques Santer Prime Minister Luxembourg 20 July 198420 January 1995 10 years, 190 days EPP
Commission President European Union 25 January 199515 March 1999 4 years, 49 days
14 years, 238 days
6 Donald Tusk Prime Minister Poland 16 November 200722 September 2014 6 years, 310 days EPP
Council President European Union 1 December 201430 November 2019 4 years, 364 days
Prime Minister Poland 13 December 2023 – present 2 years, 96 days
14 years, 40 days
7 François Mitterrand President France 21 May 198117 May 1995 13 years, 361 days S&D
8 Mark Rutte Prime Minister Netherlands 14 October 20102 July 2024 13 years, 262 days Renew
9 Robert Fico Prime Minister Slovakia 4 July 20068 July 2010 4 years, 4 days Una.
4 April 201222 March 2018 5 years, 352 days
25 October 2023 – present 2 years, 145 days
12 years, 136 days
10 Wilfried Martens Prime Minister Belgium 3 March 19796 April 1981 2 years, 34 days EPP
17 December 19817 March 1992 10 years, 81 days
12 years, 115 days
11 José Manuel Barroso Prime Minister Portugal 6 April 200217 July 2004 2 years, 102 days EPP
Commission President European Union 22 November 200431 October 2014 9 years, 343 days
12 years, 80 days
12 Jacques Chirac President France 17 May 199516 May 2007 11 years, 364 days EPP
13 Ruud Lubbers Prime Minister Netherlands 4 November 198222 August 1994 11 years, 291 days EPP
14 Margaret Thatcher Prime Minister United Kingdom 4 May 197928 November 1990 11 years, 208 days ECR
15 Bertie Ahern Taoiseach Ireland 26 June 19977 May 2008 10 years, 316 days ECR
16 Göran Persson Prime Minister Sweden 22 March 19966 October 2006 10 years, 198 days S&D
17 Poul Schlüter Prime Minister Denmark 10 September 198225 January 1993 10 years, 137 days EPP
18 Felipe González Prime Minister Spain 1 January 19865 May 1996 10 years, 125 days S&D
19 Tony Blair Prime Minister United Kingdom 2 May 199727 June 2007 10 years, 56 days S&D
20 Klaus Iohannis President Romania 21 December 201412 February 2025 10 years, 53 days EPP
21 Jacques Delors Commission President European Union 7 January 198524 January 1995 10 years, 17 days S&D
22 Charles Michel Prime Minister Belgium 11 October 201427 October 2019 5 years, 16 days Renew
Council President European Union 1 December 201930 November 2024 4 years, 365 days
10 years, 15 days

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Used for qualified majority voting in the Council.
  2. ^ Costa had already been a member of the Council from November 2015 to April 2024 as Prime Minister of Portugal.
  3. ^ Babiš had already been Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and therefore a member of the Council, from December 2017 to November 2021.
  4. ^ Mitsotakis had already been Prime Minister of Greece, and therefore a member of the Council, from July 2019 to May 2023.
  5. ^ Martin had already been Taoiseach, and therefore a member of the Council, from June 2020 to December 2022.
  6. ^ Tusk had already been a member of the Council from November 2007 to September 2014 as Prime Minister of Poland, and from December 2014 to November 2019 as President of the European Council.
  7. ^ Fico had already been Prime Minister of Slovakia, and therefore a member of the Council, from July 2006 to July 2010 and from April 2012 to March 2018.
  8. ^ West Germany until 3 October 1990.

References

  1. ^ a b "Consolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the functioning of the European Union" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  2. ^ "Members of the European Council". www.consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Current membership of the European Council". Retrieved 2026-03-12.
  4. ^ Council Decision (EU, Euratom) 2021/2320 of 22 December 2021 amending the Council's Rules of Procedure (Decision 2021/2320). Council of the European Union. 22 December 2021.