Consorts of the Xianfeng Emperor

The Xianfeng Emperor had eighteen imperial consorts, including three empresses, two imperial noble consorts, two noble consorts, four consorts, four concubines and three first class attendants.

Empresses

  1. Empress Xiaodexian, of the Sakda clan[1]
  2. Empress Xiaozhenxian, of the Niohuru clan[2][3]
  3. Empress Xiaoqinxian, of the Yehe-Nara clan[4][5]

Imperial Noble Consorts

  1. Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangjing, of the Tatara clan[6]
  2. Imperial Noble Consort Duanke, of the Tunggiya clan[7]

Noble Consorts

  1. Noble Consort Mei, of the Xu clan[8]
  2. Noble Consort Wan, of the Socoro clan[9][10]

Consorts

All consorts were palace maids known as Four Spring Ladies. The name of the clique was derived from their personal names and a poem line "When four springs follow upwards the wind, the copper fish swims in the water every five nights".

《袅袅四春随风撵，沈沈五夜递铜鱼》[11]

The consorts were promoted together within one year. The highest title they held during the Xianfeng era was noble lady.

  1. Consort Lu, of the Yehe-Nara clan, personal name Mudanchun (牡丹春)[12]
  2. Consort Ji, of the Wang clan, personal name Xinghuachun (杏花春)[13]
  3. Consort Xi, of the Cahala clan, personal name Haitangchun (海棠春)[11]
  4. Consort Qing, of the Zhang clan, personal name Wulingchun (武陵春)[13]

Concubines

  1. Concubine Yun, of the Ugiya clan, personal name Qiyun (綺雲)[14]
  1. Concubine Rong, of the Irgen-Gioro clan[15][16]
  1. Concubine Shu, of the Yehe-Nara clan[17]
  2. Concubine Yu, of the Yehe-Nara clan[18]

First Class Attendants

1. First Class Attendant Chun

First Class Attendant Chun (瑃常在 暝谙氏; 1835–1859), of the Ming'an clan, didn't have her name recorded in history.

Daoguang era

First Class Attendant Chun was born in 1835, which translates to 15th year of the Daoguang era. Her family background is not mentioned.

Xianfeng era

Lady Ming'an entered the palace at the same time as most of the Xianfeng Emperor's consorts, including Empress Dowager Cixi, Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangjing, Noble Consort Mei and Noble Consort Wan.[19] She was granted a title of Noble Lady Chun (春贵人; meaning "spring") upon the entry in 1852. In 1853, she was demoted to First Class Attendant Chun (春常在). In 1855, the Head of Palace Administration Zhang Xin proclaimed an edict demoting her further to Second Class Attendant without the right to a honorific name.[20] As a substitution for the honorific name, the two characters of her clan name were used.[21] At that time, she had one personal maid and her allowance was 50 taels.[22] In 1856, Lady Ming'an was restored as First Class Attendant Chun (瑃常在). She died in 1859 and was interred in the Ding Mausoleum of the Eastern Qing tombs in 1865.[23]

2. First Class Attendant Xin

First Class Attendant Xin (鑫常在 戴佳氏; d. 27 May 1859), of the Daigiya clan, was a member of Sinjeku caste of the Plain White Banner.

Family background

Father: Jilu (吉禄), served as a slave of Plain White Banner (披甲人)

Two brothers

Xianfeng era

Lady Daigiya entered the palace in 1852 and was bestowed a title of First Class Attendant Xin (鑫常在).[24] As the first to enter the palace, Lady Daigiya was made an informal leader of first class attendants.[25]

On 25 June 1857, her personal maid, Daniu, was expelled from palace because of leg ailment. However, it was suspected that the actual reason behind Daniu's removal from service differed from the declared recuperation.[26]

Lady Daigiya died on 27 May 1859 and her coffin was interred in Ding Mausoleum of the Eastern Qing tombs.

3. First Class Attendant Ping

First Class Attendant Ping (玶常在 伊尔根觉罗氏; d. 1856) of the Irgen-Gioro cla ,[6] didn't have her name recorded in history.

Family background

  • Father: Yanchang (彥昌, b. 1816), served as banquet manager in Guozijian and received a jinshi degree in 1847[27]
    • Grandfather: Yingchun (英淳), served as 7th rank civil official (筆貼士)
    • Grandmother: Lady Ujaku (烏扎庫氏)[28]
  • Mother: Lady Donggo

Xianfeng era

Lady Irgen-Gioro entered the palace in 1852 and was given the title "Noble Lady Ying" (英貴人).[29] In March 1852, Noble Lady Ying received one black lacquered copper clock. In October 1852, Lady Irgen-Gioro was promoted to Concubine Ying (英嬪).[30] In October 1853, she was demoted to Noble Lady Yi (伊貴人) to fulfill the limit of six concubines.[31] On 11 January 1855，during the burial of Concubine Yun all imperial consorts stayed in Tiancun Village. Noble Lady Yi, who arrived from Ji'an Studio, departed for the Forbidden City earlier than other consorts. In March 1855, she was demoted to First Class Attendant Yi because of her behavior during the funeral.[32][33] In January 1857, Lady Irgen-Gioro was demoted to Second Class Attendant.[34] Second Attendant Yi fell ill in May 1856 and was suddenly restored as First Class Attendant Ping (玶常在; "ping" meaning a kind of fine jade).[35] First Class Attendant Ping died on 15 August 1856 and was buried in Xihua Garden in Tiancun on 27 August 1856.[36] Her coffin was interred in the Ding Mausoleum in 1864.

  • First Class Attendant Xin near the peonies
  • Concubine Ying and Noble Lady Chun during the imperial hunt

Residences in the Forbidden City of the imperial consorts

Year Imperial consort Palace
1852–1861 Empress Dowager Ci'an[37] Palace of Accumulated Purity (锺粹宫; Zhōngcuì gōng)
1852–1853 Concubine Yun
1858–1861 Consort Ji
1852–1861 Imperial Noble Consort Zhuangshun Palace of Eternal Harmony (永和宫; Yǒnghé gōng)
1853–1859 First Class Female Attendant Xin
1852–1861 Noble Consort Mei
1853–1855 Concubine Yun Palace of Heavenly Grace (承乾宫; Chéngqián gōng)
1852–1855 Noble Consort Wan
1852 First Class Attendant Chun
1858–1861 Imperial Noble Consort Duanke
1852–1861 Empress Dowager Cixi Palace of Gathering Elegance (储秀宫; Chǔxiù gōng)
1852–1856 First Class Attendant Ping
1855–1861 Consort Lu
Consort Xi
1859–1861 Concubine Yu
1856–1861 Concubine Shu
1855–1861 Noble Consort Wan Palace of Great Benevolence (景仁宫; Jǐngrén gōng)
1852–1859 First Class Attendant Chun Palace of Earthly Honour (翊坤宫; Yìkūn gōng)
1852–1861 Concubine Rong N/a

References

  1. ^ 《清文宗实录》.
  2. ^ Bonner, Joey (1986). Wang Kuo-wei: An Intellectual Biography (Illustrated and Revised ed.). Harvard University Press.
  3. ^ Zhao, Erxun (1928). Draft History of Qing (Qing Shi Gao). Vol. 214.
  4. ^ "慈禧（02）荣为贵妃_视频在线观看 - 56.com". 2013-12-15. Archived from the original on 2013-12-15. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  5. ^ Behr, Edward (1987). The Last Emperor. p. 45.
  6. ^ a b 《宮中雜件》.
  7. ^ Zhou, Sha (2008). 明清墓葬. 百花文艺出版社. p. 87.
  8. ^ 《清實錄‧穆宗毅皇帝實錄》，book 373.
  9. ^ 《清實錄‧德宗景皇帝實錄》. Vol. 408. p. 338.
  10. ^ 石氏家譜.
  11. ^ a b Shang, Si (2018). 垂帘听政：慈禧真相/"The truth about Cixi".
  12. ^ 《清實錄‧穆宗毅皇帝實錄》，book 373.
  13. ^ a b Wang, Peihuan (1993). "Qing Dynasty imperial consorts". Liaoning University Publishers. p. 391.
  14. ^ 《清實錄》.
  15. ^ 《容嬪下穿孝官女子正白旗原披甲人興章之女大妞等由父母接出任其婚配止退吃食單》.
  16. ^ 《容嬪下穿孝官女子正白旗原披甲人興章之女大妞等由父母接出任其婚配止退吃食單》.
  17. ^ Xu, Liting (1993). "Xianfeng and Tongzhi emperors". Jilin Cultural Press. p. 174.
  18. ^ Zhang, Naiwei; Wang, Airen; Chen, Xiaodong (2009). 清宫述闻(正续编合编本). Beijing: 第1版. 北京: 紫禁城出版社. ISBN 978-7-80047-907-6.
  19. ^ Zhao, Tong (2015). Respecting the Beauty: Cixi. Beijing Book Co. Inc.
  20. ^ 《宮中雜件》. 1855.
  21. ^ minggan meaning "thousand" in Manchu
  22. ^ 《宮中雜件》. p. 1247.
  23. ^ Yu/于, Shanpu/善浦 (1985). 清東陵大觀 / Panorama of Eastern Qing tombs. 河北人民出版社. p. 178.
  24. ^ 杂录档.
  25. ^ 宮中雜件.
  26. ^ Jielu (节禄) (1857). 《奏为查验承乾宮交出女子一名情形事》/A request to examine reasons behind removal of Chengqian palace maid.
  27. ^ 軍機及宮中檔 / Army and palace archives.
  28. ^ 直省同年全錄. 1856.
  29. ^ 內務府來文/Documents of Ministry of Internal Affairs.
  30. ^ 清實錄.
  31. ^ 為傳知英嬪著降為伊貴人所有吃食即日照貴人例得給並春貴人著降為明常在所有吃食即日照常在例得給事.
  32. ^ Chen/陳, Jiexian/捷先 (2010). Truth about Cixi. 遠流出版. p. 36.
  33. ^ 宮中雜件 (1247 ed.).
  34. ^ 小鱼书社/ Xiaoyu Bookshop (2020). 追溯近现代中国起源与历史. Part 2.
  35. ^ Jin/進, Zhong/忠. 為傳知伊答應等著封為玶常在等其吃食分例煤炭蠟燭照常在例得給事.
  36. ^ 奏為玶常在溘逝奉移處所是否暫安田村西耳殿抑或曹八里屯請旨.
  37. ^ 杂录档》.
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